Publications

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Published in 2019

Word Embeddings (Also) Encode Human Personality Stereotypes
O. Agarwal, F. Durupinar, N. Badler , A. Nenkova
*SEM@NAACL-HLT, 2019 : pp. 205-211 [Dataset]

Mirroring without Overimitation: Learning Functionally Equivalent Manipulation Actions
H. Liu, C. Zhang, Y. Zhu, C. Jiang, So. Zhu
The Thirty-Third AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI, 2019

 

Published in 2018

GPU Optimization of Material Point Methods
M. Gao*, X. Wang*, K. Wu* (equal contributions), A. Pradhana Tampubolon, E. Sifakis, C. Yuksel, C. Jiang
SIGGRAPH Asia, 2018

Fast and Scalable Position-Based Layout Synthesis
T. Weiss, A. Litteneker, N. Duncan, M. Nakada, C. Jiang, L. Yu, D. Terzopoulos
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, TVCG, 2018

Dynamic Anticrack Propogation In Snow
J. Gaume, T. Gast, J. Teran, A. van Herwijnen, Ch. Jiang
Nature Communications, 2018

A Temporally Adaptive Material Point Method with Regional Time Stepping
Y. Fang*, Y. Hu*, S. Hu, C. Jiang, (*equal contributors)
ACM SIGGRAPH Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation, 2018

Configurable 3D Scene Synthesis and 2D Image Rendering with Per-Pixel Ground Truth using Stochastic Grammars
C. Jiang*, S. Qi*, Y. Zhu*, S. Huang* (*equal contributors), J. Lin, L. Yu, D. Terzopoulos, S. Zhu
International Journal of Computer Vision (IJCV), 2018

A Moving Least Squares Material Point Method with Displacement Discontinuity and Two-Way Rigid Body Coupling
Y. Hu, Y. Fang, Z. Ge, Z. Qu, Y. Zhu, A. Pradhana Tampubolon, C. Jiang
SIGGRAPH, 2018

Animating Fluid Sediment Mixture in Particle-Laden Flows
M. Gao, A. Pradhana, X. Han, Q. Guo, G. Kot, E. Sifakis, C. Jiang
SIGGRAPH, 2018

Human-centric Indoor Scene Synthesis Using Stochastic Grammar
S. Qi, Y. Zhu, S. Huang, C. Jiang, S. Zhu
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CVPR, 2018

Spatially Perturbed Collision Sounds Attenuate Perceived Causality in 3D Launching Events
D. Wang*, J. Kubricht*, Y. Zhu*, W. Liang, S. Zhu, C. Jiang, H. Lu. (*equal contributions)
IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces, IEEE VR, 2018

 

Published in 2017

"An Adaptive Generalized Interpolation Material Point Method for Simulating Elastoplastic Materials
M. Gao, A. Pradhana Tampubolon, C. Jiang, E. Sifakis
ACM Transactions on Graphics, SIGGRAPH Asia, 2017

A Polynomial Particle-In-Cell Method
C. Fu, Q. Guo, T. Gast, C. Jiang, J. Teran
ACM Transactions on Graphics, SIGGRAPH Asia, 2017

"Anisotropic Elastoplasticity for Cloth, Knit and Hair Frictional Contact"
C. Jiang, T. Gast, and J. Teran
ACM Transactions on Graphics, SIGGRAPH, 2017

"Multi-species simulation of porous sand and water mixtures"
A. Pradhana Tampubolon, T. Gast, G. Klar, C. Fu, J. Teran, C. Jiang, and K. Museth
ACM Transactions on Graphics, SIGGRAPH, 2017

"Position-based Multi-Agent Dynamics for Real-Time Crowd Simulation"
T. Weiss, A. Litteneker, C. Jiang, and D. Terzopoulos
ACM SIGGRAPH, Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation, SCA Poster, 2017

"Accurate soil and mudbrick BRDF models for archaeological illumination rendering with application to small finds"
V. Badler, J. Kider Jr., M. Moore, B. Walter, N. Badler
Eurographics Workship on Graphics and Cultural Heritage, 2017

PERFORM: Perceptual Approach for Adding OCEAN Personality to Human Motion using Laban Movement Analysis"
F. Durupinar, M. Kapadia, S. Deutsch, M. Neff, N. Badler [Data] [Results]
ACM Transactions on Graphics, 2017

"Simulating Crowds in Egress Scenarios"
V. Cassol, S. Musse, C. Jung, N. Badler
Springer, 2017

"Memory Reconstruction from Autobiographic Memories of Autonomous Virtual Agents"
B. Inampudi, X. Zhang, F. Geraci, N. Badler, M. Kapadia
CASA, 2017

"Predicting future crowd motion including event treatment"
C. Dal Bianco, S. Musse, A. Braun, R. Caetani, C. Jung, N. Badler
Intelligent Virtual Agents, 2017

"Detection of global and local motion changes in human crowds"
I. de Almeida, V. Cassol, N. Badler, S. Musse, C. Jung
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 2017

"Evaluating and optimizing evacuation plans for crowd egress"
V. Cassol, E.Testa, C. Jung, M. Usman, P. Faloutsos, M. Kapadia, N. Badler, S. Musse
IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, 2017, 2017

"Simulating Heterogeneous Crowds with Interactive Behaviors"
N. Pelechano, J. Allbeck, M. Kapadia and N. Badler (Eds.)
Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 2017

"Simulation of collective crowd behavior with psychological parameters"
F. Durupinar, U. Güdükbay, A. Aman, N. Badler
Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 2017

 

Published in 2016

"Psychological parameters for crowd simulation: from audiences to mobs"
F. Durupinar, U. Güdükbay, A. Aman, N. Badler
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 2016

"Identifying virtual episodes based on character animation traces"
K. Wang, N. Badler
Proceedings of the International Conference on Motion in Games, 2016

"An environment for transforming game character animations based on nationality and profession personality sterotypes"
F. Durupinar, K. Wang, A. Nenkova, N. Badler
Proceedings of AIIDE, 2016

"Fast-forwarding Crowd Simulations"
C. Dal Bianco, A. Braun, S. Musse, C. Jung, N. Badler
Proceedings of IVA, 2016

"Reconstructing Personalized Anatomical Models for Physics-based Body Animation"
P. Kadlecek (*), A. Ichim (*), T. Liu, J. Krivanek, L. Kavan (* joint first authors)
ACM Transaction on Graphics 35(6) [Proceedings of SIGGRAPH Asia], 2016

"Towards Real-time Simulation of Hyperelastic Materials"
T. Liu, M. Gao, L. Zhu, E. Sifakis, L. Kavan
arXiv, 2016

"Fast and Robust Inversion-Free Shape Manipulation"
T. Liu, S. Bouaziz, L. Kavan
Computer Graphics Forum 35(2) [Proceedings of Eurographics], 2016

 

Published in 2015

"Computational Bodybuilding: Anatomically-based Modeling of Human Bodies"
Shunsuke Saito, Zi-Ye Zhou, Ladislav Kavan
ACM Transaction on Graphics 34(4) [Proceedings of SIGGRAPH], 2015

"Linear Subspace Design for Real-Time Shape Deformation"
Yu Wang, Alec Jacobson, Jernej Barbic, Ladislav Kavan
ACM Transaction on Graphics 34(4) [Proceedings of SIGGRAPH], 2015

"Skuller: A Volumetric Shape Registration Algorithm for Modeling Skull Deformities"
Yusuf Sahillioglu, Ladislav Kavan
Medical Image Analysis, 2015

"Adaptable Anatomical Models for Realistic Bone Motion Reconstruction"
Lifeng Zhu, Xiaoyan Hu, Ladislav Kavan
Computer Graphics Forum 34(2) [Proceedings of Eurographics], 2015

"Reducing Numerical Dissipation in Smoke Simulation"
Zhanpeng Huang, Ladislav Kavan, Weikai Li, Pan Hui, Guanghong Gong
Graphical Models, 2015

"The Distribution of Carried Items in Urban Environments"
Elissa Wolf, Norman Badler.
Presence J., 2015.

"Dynamic Hierarchical Search on the GPU"
Francisco Garcia, Norman Badler, Mubbasir Kapadia.
Motion in Games, 2015.

"Segmenting Motion Capture Data Using a Qualitative Analysis"
Durell Bouchard, Norman Badler.
Motion in Games, 2015.

"Virtual Crowds: Steps Toward Behavioral Realism"
Mubbasir Kapadia, Nuria Pelechano, Jan Allbeck, Norman Badler.
Morgan & Claypool, 2015.

"Generating a Multiplicity of Policies for Agent Steering in Crowd Simulation"
Cory Boatright, Mubbasir Kapadia, Jennie Shapira, Norman Badler.
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds, 26(5), 483-494, September 2015.

"Basis Enrichment and Solid-Fluid Coupling for Model-Reduced Fluid Simulation"
Dan Gerszewski, Ladislav Kavan, Peter-Pike Sloan, Adam W. Bargteil.
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds, 26(2), 109-117, March 2015.

"Planning Approaches to Constraint-Aware Navigation in Dynamic Environments"
Mubbasir Kapadia, Kai Ninomiya, Alexander Shoulson, Francisco Garcia, Norman Badler.
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds, 26(2), 119-139, March 2015.

 

Published in 2014

"Investigating Macroexpressions and Microexpressions in Computer Graphics Animated Faces"
Rosanna Queiroz, Sorraia Musse, Norman Badler.
Presence 23(2), pp. 191-208, Spring 2014.

"Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia Training Simulator Using Microsoft Kinect"
Aparajith Sairam, Jian Feng, Norman I. Badler, Jiabin Liu, Kenneth Richman, Nabil Elkassabany.
International Journal of Anesthetics and Anesthesiology, Vol. 1, Issue 3, 2014.

"Learning Motion Patterns in Unstructured Scene Based on Latent Structural Information"
Weibin Liu, Xinyi Chong, Pengfei Huang, Norman Badler.
Journal of Visual Languages & Computing 25(1), pp. 43-53, 2014.

"Trade-Offs Between Responsiveness and Naturalness for Player Characters"
Aline Normoyle, Sophie Joerg.
Motion in Games, 2014.

"Stochastic Activity Authoring With Direct User Control"
Aline Normoyle,Maxim Likhachev, Alla Safonova.
Interactive 3D Graphics and Games, 2014.

"Player Perception of Delays and Jitter in Character Responsiveness"
Aline Normoyle, Gina Guerrero, Sophie Joerg.
Symposium of Applied Perception, 2014.

"A Simple Method for Correcting Facet Orientations in Polygon Meshes Based on Ray Casting"
Kenshi Takayama, Alec Jacobson, Ladislav Kavan, Olga Sorkine-Hornung.
Journal of Computer Graphics Techniques 3(4), 2014.

"Consistently Orienting Facets in Polygon Meshes by Minimizing the Dirichlet Energy of Generalized Winding Numbers"
Kenshi Takayama, Alec Jacobson, Ladislav Kavan, Olga Sorkine-Hornung.
arXiv, 2014.

"Projective Dynamics: Fusing Constraint Projections for Fast Simulation"
Sofien Bouaziz, Sebastian Martin, Tiantian Liu, Ladislav Kavan, Mark Pauly.
ACM Transaction on Graphics 33(4) [Proceedings of SIGGRAPH], 2014.

"Ink-and-Ray: Bas-Relief Meshes for Adding Global Illumination Effects to Hand-Drawn Characters"
Daniel Sykora, Ladislav Kavan, Martin Čadik, Ondřej Jamriška, Alec Jacobson, Brian Whited, Maryann Simmons, Olga Sorkine-Hornung.
ACM Transactions on Graphics 33(2) [Presented at SIGGRAPH], 2014.

"Sound Localization and Multi-Modal Steering for Autonomous Virtual Agents"
Yu Wang, Mubbasir Kapadia, Pengfei Huang, Ladislav Kavan, Norman Badler.
Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games, 2014.

"Look me in the eyes: A survey of eye and gaze animation for virtual agents and artificial systems"
Kerstin Ruhland, Sean Andrist, Jeremy Badler, Christopher Edward Peters, Norman Badler, Michael Gleicher, Bilge Mutlu, Rachel McDonnell.
Eurographics STAR (State-of-the-Art Report), 2014.

"Simulating Heterogeneous Crowds with Interactive Behaviors"
Nuria Pelechano, Mubbasir Kapadia, Jan Allbeck, Yiorgos Chrysanthou, Stephen Guy, Norman Badler.
Eurographics Tutorial, 2014.

"GPU-Based Dynamic Search on Adaptive Resolution Grids"
Francisco Garcia, Mubbasir Kapadia, Norman Badler.
ICRA, 2014.

"ADAPT: The Agent Development and Prototyping Testbed"
Alexander Shoulson, Nathan Marshak, Mubbasir Kapadia, Norman Badler.
IEEE Trans. on Visualization and Computer Graphis 20(7), pp. 1035-1047, July 2014.

"Path Planning for Coherent and Persistent Groups"
Tianyu Huang, Mubbasir Kapadia, Norman Badler, Marcelo Kallmann.
IRCA, 2014.

 

Published in 2013

"Ambient Obsurance Baking on the GPU"
Peter-Pike Sloan, Jason Tranchida, Hao Chen, Ladislav Kavan.
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia Technical Brief, 2013.

"Robust Inside-Outside Segmentation Using Generalized Winding Numbers"
Alec Jacobson, Ladislav Kavan and Olga Sorkine-Hornung.
ACM Transaction on Graphics 32(4) [Proceedings of SIGGRAPH], 2013.

"Evaluating Perceived Trust From Procedurally Animated Gaze"
Aline Normoyle, Jeremy B. Badler, Teresa Fan, Norman I. Badler, Vinicius J. Cassol, Soraia R. Musse.
Motion in Games, 2013.

"Fast Simulation of Mass-Spring Systems"
Tiantian Liu, Adam W. Bargteil, James F. O'Brien, Ladislav Kavan.
ACM Transaction on Graphics 32(6) [Proceedings of SIGGRAPH Asia], 2013.

"Anatomy Transfer"
Dicko Ali-Hamadi, Tiantian Liu, Benjamin Gilles, Ladislav Kavan, François Faure, Olivier Palombi, Marie-Paule Cani.
ACM Transaction on Graphics 32(6) [Proceedings of SIGGRAPH Asia], 2013.

"An Event-Centric Planning Approach for Dynamic Real-Time Narrative"
Alexander Shoulson, Mubbasir Kapadia, Norman I. Badler.
MIG '13 Proceedings of Motion on Games, 121-130, 2013.

"SPREAD: Sound Propagation and Perception for Autonomous Agents in Dynamic Environments"
Pengfei Huang, Mubbasir Kapadia, Norman I. Badler.
ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium of Computer Animation (SCA), 2013.

"Multi-Domain Real-Time Planning in Dynamic Environments"
Mubbasir Kapadia, Alejandro Porres, Francisco Garcia, Vivek Reddy, Nuria Pelechano, Norman I. Badler.
ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium of Computer Animation (SCA), 2013.

"Dynamic Search on the GPU"
Mubbasir Kapadia, Francisco Garcia, Cory Boatright, Norman I. Badler.
IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IROS, 2013.

"The Effect of Posture and Dynamics on the Perception of Emotion"
Aline Normoyle, Fannie Liu, Mubbasir Kapadia, Norman I. Badler, Sophie Jorg.
Symposium on Applied Perception, 2013.

"Authoring Multi-Actor Behaviors in Crowds With Diverse Personalities"
Mubbasir Kapadia, Alexander Shoulson, Funda Durupinar, Norman I. Badler.
Modeling, Simulation and Visual Analysis of Large Crowds, Springer-Verlag, 2013.

"Navigation and Steering for Autonomous Virtual Humans"
Mubbasir Kapadia, Norman I. Badler.
WIREs Cognitive Science, Wiley, 2013.

"Efficient Motion Retrieval in Large Motion Databases"
Mubbasir Kapadia, I-kao Chiang, Tiju Thomas, Norman I. Badler, Joseph T. Kider Jr.
ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games, March 2013.

 

Published in 2012

"How Responsiveness Affects Players' Perception in Digital Games"
Sophie Jorg, Aline Normoyle, Alla Safonova.
Symposium on Applied Perception, 2012.

"What's Next? The New Era of Autonomous Virtual Humans"
Mubbasir Kapadia, Alexander Shoulson, Cory Boatright, Pengfei Huang, Funda Durupinar, Norman I. Badler.
5th International Conference on Motion in Games, November 2012.

"Pedestrian Anomaly Detection Using Context-Sensitive Crowd Simulation"
Cory Boatright, Mubbasir Kapadia, Jennie Shapira, Norman I. Badler.
First International Workshop on Pattern Recognition and Crowd Analysis, November 2012.

"Game-Based Data Capture for Player Metrics"
Aline Normoyle, John Drake, Maxim Likhachev, Alla Safonova.
AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, 2012.

"Animating Synthetic Dyadic Conversations With Variations Based on Context and Agent Attributes"
Libo Sun, Alexander Shoulson, Pengfei Huang, Nicole Nelson, Wenhu Qin, Ani Nenkova, Norman I. Badler.
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds J., 2012.

"Parallelized Egocentric Fields for Autonomous Navigation"
Mubbasir Kappadia, Shawn Singh, William Hewlett, Glenn Reinmann, Petros Faloustos.
Journal of the Visual Computer, 2012.

 

Published in 2011

"Defining Next-Generation Multi-Modal Communication in Human Robot Interaction"
Stephanie Lackey, Daniel Barber, Lauren Reinerman, Norman Badler, Irwin Hudson.
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annula Meeting 55, 2011.

"A Data-Driven Appearance Model for Human Fatigue"
Joseph T. Kider Jr, Kaitlin Pollock, Alla Safonova.
ACM/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation, 2011.

"Scenario Space: Characterizing Coverage, Quality, and Failure of Steering Algorithms"
Mubbasir Kapadia, Matthew Wang, Shawn Singh, Glenn Reinmann, Petros Faloutsos.
ACM/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation, 2011.

"A Behavior Authoring Framework for Multi-Actor Simulations"
Mubbasir Kapadia, Shawn Singh, Glenn Reinman, Petros Faloutsos.
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, Special Issue, 2011.

"Selecting Agents for Narrative Roles"
Alexander Shoulson, Daniel Garcia, Norman Badler.
Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, 2011.

"Parallelized Incomplete Poisson Preconditioner in Cloth Simulation"
Konstantinos Sideris, Mubbasir Kapadia, Petros Falotusos.
4th International Conference on Motion in Games, November 2011.

"Improved Benchmarking for Steering Algorithms"
Mubbasir Kapadia, Matthew Wang, Glenn Reinman, Petros Faloutsos.
4th International Conference on Motion in Games, November 2011.

"Parameterizing Behavior Trees"
Alexander Shoulson, Francisco Garcia, Matthew Jones, Robert Mead, Norman I. Badler.
4th International Conference on Motion in Games, November 2011.

"Intelligent Camera Control Using Behavior Trees"
Daniel Markowitz, Joseph T. Kider Jr., Alexander Shoulson, Norman I. Badler.
4th International Conference on Motion in Games, November 2011.

"Path Planning With Adaptive Dimensionality"
Kalin Gochev, Benjamin Cohen, Maxim Likhachev.
Symposium on Combinatorial Search, 2011.

"Human Model Reaching, Grasping, Looking and Sitting Using Smart Objects"
Damian Slonneger, Matthew Croop, Jeremy Cytryn, Joseph T. Kider,Jr., Richard Rabbitz, Eric Halpern, Norman I. Badler.
International Symposium on Digital Human Modeling, 2011.

"Fruit Senescence and Decay Simulation"
Joseph T. Kider, Jr., Samantha Raja, Norman I. Badler.
Eurographics, 2011.

"CRAM It! A Comparison of Virtual, Live-Action and Written Training Systems for Preparing Personnel to
Work in Hazardous Environments"

Catherine Stocker, Benjamin Sunshine-Hill, John Drake, Ian Perera, Joseph T. Kider Jr., Norman I. Badler.
Proc. IEEE Virtual Reality, 2011.

"How the Ocean Personality Model Affects the Perception of Crowds"
Funda Durupinar, Nuria Pelechano, Jan Allbeck, Uğur Güdükbay, Norman I. Badler.
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 2011.

 

Published in 2010

"Real-Time Evacuation Simulation in Mine Interior Model of Smoke and Action"
Pengfei Huang, Jinsheng Kang, Joseph T. Kider Jr., Ben Sunshine-Hill, Jonathan B. McCaffrey, Desiree Velazquez Rios,
Norman I. Badler.

Computer Animation and Social Agents (CASA), 2010.

"Perceptually Realistic Behavior through Alibi Generation"
Benjamin Sunshine-Hill, Norman I. Badler.
Proc. Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment (AIIDE), 2010.

"Smart Events and Primed Agents"
Catherine Stocker, Libo Sun, Pengfei Huang, Wenhu Qin, Jan Allbeck, Norman I. Badler.
Proc. Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA), 2010.

"Simulating Human Activities for Synthetic Inputs to Sensor Systems"
Jan Allbeck, Norman I. Badler.
Distributed Video Sensor Networks, Springer, 2010.

 

Published in 2009

"Recreating Early Islamic Glass Lamp Lighting"
Joseph T. Kider Jr., Rebecca L. Fletcher, Nancy Yu, Renata Holod, Alan Chalmers, Norman I. Badler.
Proc. International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage (VAST), 2009.

"GPU Methods for Real-Time Haptic Interaction with 3D Fluids"
Meng Yang, Jingwan Lu, Alla Safonova, Katherine J. Kuchenbecker.
IEEE International Workshop on Haptic Audio-Visual Environments and Games (HAVE), November 2009.

"Achieving Good Connectivity in Motion Graphs"
Liming Zhao, Alla Safonova.
Graphical Models, 71(4), 139-152, July 2009.

 

Published in 2008

"Synthesizing Human Motion From Intuitive Constraints"
Alla Safonova, Jessica K. Hodgins.
Studies in Computational Intelligence: Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Computer Graphics, 159, 15-39, 2008.

"Virtual Crowds: Methods, Simulation, and Control"
Nuria Pelechano, Jan M. Allbeck, Norman I. Badler.
San Rafael, CA: Morgan Claypool Publishers, 2008.

"All-Pairs Shortest-Paths for Large Graphs on the GPU"
Gary J. Katz, Joseph T. Kider Jr.
Graphics Hardware, Sarajevo, Bosnia-Heregovina, 2008.

"Direct Shader Sampling in Painterly Rendering for Animation"
Matt Kuruc, Chris Czyzewicz, Vijay Nair, Norman I. Badler.
6th Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering Annecy, France, June 9-11, 2008.

"Virtual Training via Vibrotactile Arrays"
Aaron Bloomfield, Norman I. Badler.
Presence, Vol. 17, No. 2, April 2008, pp 103-120.

"A GPU-Based Approach for Real-Time Haptic Rendering of 3D Fluids"
Meng Yang, Jingwan Lu, Zehua Zhou, Alla Safonova, Katherine J. Kuchenbecker.
SIGGRAPH Asia Sketch, December 2008.

"Real-Time Graphic and Haptic Simulation of Deformable Tissue Puncture"
Joseph M. Romano, Alla Safonova, Katherine J. Kuchenbecker.
Medicine Meets Virtual Reality, December 2008.

"Creating Crowd Variation with the Ocean Personality Model"
Funda Durupinar, Jan M. Allbeck, Nuria Pelechano, Norman I. Badler.
Proceedings of Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, 2008, pp 1217-1220.

"Being a Part of the Crowd: Toward Validating VR Crowds Using Presence"
Nuria Pelechano, Catherine Stocker, Jan M. Allbeck, Norman I. Badler.
Proceedings of Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, 2008, pp 136-142.

"Future Needs and Developments in Support of Computer-based Human Models."
Norman I. Badler, Jan M. Allbeck.
In Handbook of Digital Human Modeling, V. Duffy (Ed)., Taylor and Francis, 2008.

"Evaluating American Sign Language Generation Through the Participation of Native ASL Signers"
Matt Huenerfauth, Liming Zhao, Erdan Gu, Jan M. Allbeck.
Ninth International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, Tempe, AZ. October 15-17, 2007.

 

Published in 2007

"Generating Plausible Individual Agent Movement from Spatio-Temporal Occupancy Data"
Benjamin Sunshine-Hill, Jan M. Allbeck, Nuria Pelechano, Norman I. Badler.
Workshop of Massive Datasets, Nagoya, Japan, 2007.

"Semantic Segmentation of Motion Capture Using Laban Movement Analysis"
Durell Bouchard, Norman I. Badler.
Proceedings of Intelligent Virtual Agents 2007, pages 37-44.

"Controlling Individual Agents in High-Density Crowd Simulation"
Nuria Pelechano, Jan M. Allbeck, Norman I. Badler.
ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation (SCA) San Diego, CA, August 3-4, 2007. Pages 99-108.

"Collision Awareness Using Vibrotactile Arrays"
Aaron Bloomfield, Norman I. Badler.
Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Conference, March 10-14, 2007, pages 163-170.

 

Published in 2006

"Modeling Crowd and Trained Leader Behavior during Building Evacuation"
Nuria Pelechano, Norman I. Badler.
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, Volume 26, Issue 6, November-December 2006, pages 80-86.

"Automated Analysis of Human Factors Requirements"
Jan M. Allbeck, Norman I. Badler.
Proceedings of the 2006 Digital Human Modeling for Design and Engineering Conference, July 2006, 7 pages.

"Visual Attention and Eye Gaze During Multiparty Conversations with Distractions"
Erdan Gu, Norman I. Badler.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 4133, IVA, 2006, pages 193-204.

"Synthesis of 3D Faces Using Region-Based Morphing Under Intuitive Control"
Yu Zhang, Norman I. Badler.
Proceedings of Computer Animation and Social Agents, Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds (CAVW) Journal, 2006.

"RIVET: Rapid Interactive Visualization for Extensible Training"
Norman I. Badler, Jan M. Allbeck, Abe Megahed, Mihriban Whitmore.
Habitation 2006, Orlando, FL, February 2006.

 

Published in 2005

"Crowd Simulation Incorporating Agent Psychological Models, Roles and Communication"
Nuria Pelechano, Kevin O'Brien, Barry G. Silverman, Norman I. Badler.
First International Workshop on Crowd Simulation (V-CROWDS '05), Lausanne, Switzerland, November 2005.

"Do You See What Eyes See? Implementing Inattentional Blindness"
Erdan Gu, Catherine Stocker, Norman I. Badler.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 3661, Intelligent Virtual Agents, 2005, pages 178-190.

"Generating Sequence of Eye Fixations Using Decision-Theoretic Attention Model"
Erdan Gu, Catherine Stocker, Norman I. Badler.
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Attention and Performance in Computational Vision, San Diego, June 2005.

"Applying Empirical Data on Upper Torso Movement to Real-time Collision-free Reach Tasks"
Liming Zhao, Ying Liu, Norman I. Badler.
Proceedings of SAE International Digital Human Modeling for Design and Engineering, 2005.

"New Behavioral Paradigms for Virtual Human Models"
Norman I. Badler, Jan M. Allbeck, Seung-Joo Lee, Richard Rabbitz, Timothy Broderick, Kevin Mulkern.
Proceedings of SAE International Digital Human Modeling for Design and Engineering, 2005.

"Acquiring and Validating Motion Qualities from Live Limb Gestures"
Liwei Zhao, Norman I. Badler.
Graphical Models, 67(1), 2005, pages 1-16.

 

Published in 2004

"Creating Embodied Agents with Cultural Context"
Jan M. Allbeck, Norman I. Badler.
Agent Culture: Designing Virtual Characters for a Multi-Cultural World, R. Trappl and S. Payr (Eds.), New York, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2004.

 

Published in 2003

"A Computational Approach for Constructing the Reachable Workspaces for Redundant Manipulators"
Tarek K. Alameldin, Norman Badler, Tarek Sobh, Raul Mihali.
International Scientific Journal of Computing, 2003, Vol. 2, Issue 1, pages 48-52.

"Real-Time Reach Planning for Animated Characters Using Hardware Acceleration"
Ying Liu, Norman I. Badler.
Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computer Animation and Social Agents May 2003, pages 86-93.

"Feature Preserving Manifold Mesh from an Octree"
Koji Ashida, Norman I. Badler.
Poster session at the 8th ACM Symposium on Solid Modeling and Applications (SM'03), June 2003.
Published in the Proceedings, pages 292-297.

"A Taxonomy and Comparison of Haptic Actions for Disassembly Tasks"
Aaron Bloomfield, Yu Deng, Jeff Wampler, Pascale Rondot, Dina Harth, Mary McManus, Norman I. Badler.
Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE Virtual Reality Conference (VR'03), March 2003, pages 225-231.

 

Published in 2002

"Virtual Humans for Validating Maintenance Procedures"
Norman I. Badler, Charles A. Erignac, Ying Liu.
Communications of the ACM, Vol. 45, Issue 7, pages 56-63, July 2002.

"FacEMOTE: Qualitative Parametric Modifiers for Facial Animations"
Meeran Byun, Norman I. Badler.
Symposium on Computer Animation, San Antonio, TX, July 2002.

"Creating Interactive Virtual Humans: Some Assembly Required"
Jonathan Gratch, Jeff Rickel, Elisabeth Andre, Justine Cassell, Eric Petajan, Norman I. Badler.
IEEE Intelligent Systems, Volume 17, Issue 4, July-August 2002, pages 54-63.

"Eyes Alive"
Norman I. Badler, Jeremy B. Badler, Sooha Park Lee.
Proceedings of the 29th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, pages 637-644.

"ACUMEN: Amplifying Control and Understanding of Multiple ENtities"
Jan M. Allbeck, Karin Kipper, Charles Adams, William Schuler, Elena Zoubanova, Norman I. Badler, Martha Palmer, Aravind Joshi.
Proceedings of the International Conference on Autonomous Agents, pages 191-198.

"Representing and Parameterizing Agent Behaviors"
Norman I. Badler, Jan M. Allbeck, Liming Zhao, Meeran Byun.
Proceedings of Computer Animation 2002 (CA 2002), IEEE Computer Society, 2002, Geneva, Switzerland, pages 133-143.

"Modeling Deformable Human Arm for Constrained Reach Analysis"
Hogeun Shin, Norman I. Badler.
Proceedings of the Digital Human Modeling Conference, Munich, Germany, June 2002, pages 217-228.

"Embodied Autonomous Agents"
Jan M. Allbeck, Norman I. Badler.
Handbook of Virtual Environments, K. Stanney (Ed.), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2002, pages 313-332.

"Constructing Virtual Asymmetric Opponents from Data and Models in the Literature: Case of Crowd Rioting"
Barry G. Silverman, Michael Johns, Kevin O'Brien, Ransom Weaver, Jason Cornwell.
11th Conference on Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Representation, SISO, May, 2002.

"A Demonstration of the PMF-Extraction Approach: Modeling the Effects of Sound on Crowd Behavior"
Jason Cornwell, Barry G. Silverman, Kevin O'Brien, Michael Johns.
11th Conference on Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Representation, SISO, May, 2002.

"A Hybrid Dynamical Systems Approach to Intelligent Low-Level Navigation"
Eric Aaron, Harold Sun, Franjo Ivancic, Dimitris Metaxas.
Proceedings of Computer Animation 2002, Geneva, Switzerland, June 2002, pages 154-163.

 

Published in 2001

"Collision Resolutions in Cloth Simulation"
Suejung Huh, Dimitris Metaxas, Norman I. Badler.
Computer Animation, IEEE 2001, 122-127 (2001).

"Pedestrians: Creating Agent Behaviors Through Statistical Analysis of Observation Data"
Koji Ashida, Seung-Joo Lee, Jan M. Allbeck, Harold Sun, Norman I. Badler, Dimitris Metaxas.
Computer Animation 2001: Proceedings of the 14th Conference on Computer Animation, pages 84-92.

"Structures and Styles: Motion Acquisition"
L. Zhao, S. Lu, Dimitris Metaxas, Norman I. Badler.
Third International Workshop on Intellgent Virtual Agents, Madrid, Spain, September 2001.

"Where to Look? Automating Attending Behaviors of Virtual Human Characters"
Sonu Chopra-Khullar, Norman I. Badler.
Autonomous Agents and Multi-agent Systems, Volume 4, Issue 1-2, March 2001, pages 16-23.

"Consistent Communication With Control"
Jan M. Allbeck, Norman I. Badler.
Workshop on Non-Verbal and Verbal Communicative Acts to Achieve Contextual Embodied Agents Autonomous Agents, 2001.

"Virtual Beings"
Norman I. Badler.
Communications of the ACM, Volume 44, Issue 3, March 2001, pages 33-35.

"Toward a Human Behavior Models Anthology for Synthetic Agent Development"
Barry G. Silverman, Robert Might, Richard Dubois, Hogeun Shin, Michael Johns, Ransom Weaver.
10th Conference on Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Representation, SISO, May 2001, 9 pages.

"Modeling and Simulating Terrorist Decision-making: A 'Performance Moderator Function Approach' to Generating Virtual Opponents"
Ransom Weaver, Barry G. Silverman, Hogeun Shin, Richard Dubois.
Proceedings of the 10th Conference On Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Representation, May 2001.

"How Emotion and Personality Effect the Utility of Alternative Decisions: A Terrorist Target Selection Case Study"
Michael Johns, Barry G. Silverman.
Tenth Conference on Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Representation, May 2001, 11 pages.

"More Realistic Human Behavior Models for Agents in Virtual Worlds: Emotion, Stress, and Value Ontologies"
Barry G. Silverman.
University of Pennsylvania/ACASA Technical Report, 2001.

"Human Behavior Models for Game-Theoretic Agents: Case of Crowd Tipping"
Barry G. Silverman, Michael Johns, Ramsom Weaver, Kevin O'Brien, Rachel Silverman.
Cognitive Science Quarterly, Volume 2, Issue 3/4, Fall/Winter 2002, 18 pages.

"Automating Gait Generation"
Harold Sun, Dimitris Metaxas.
Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques Los Angeles, August 2001, pages 261-270.

"A Deformable Finite Element Model of the Breast for Predicting Mechanical Deformations under External Perturbations"
Fred S. Azar, Dimitris Metaxas, Mitchell D. Schnall.
Journal of Academic Radiology, October 2001.

 

Published in 2000

"Towards Behavioral Consistency in Animated Agents"
Norman I. Badler, Jan M. Allbeck.
Deformable Avatars, N. Magnenat-Thalmann and D. Thalmann (Eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001, pages 191-205.

"Real-time Inverse Kinematics Techniques for Anthropomorphic Limbs"
Deepak Tolani, Ambarish Goswami, Norman I. Badler.
Graphical Models, 62(5), September 2000, pages 353-388.

"A Machine Translation System from English to American Sign Language"
Liwei Zhao, Karin Kipper, William Schuler, Christian Vogler, Martha Palmer, Norman I. Badler.
Conference AMTA-2000: Envisioning Machine Translation in the Information Future, Mexico, 2000.

"The EMOTE Model for Effort and Shape"
Diane M. Chi, Monica Costa, Liwei Zhao, Norman I. Badler.
Proceedings of the 27th annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, SIGGRAPH '00, pages 173-182.

"To Gesture or Not to Gesture: What is the Question?"
Norman I. Badler, Monica Costa, Liwei Zhao, Diane M. Chi.
Proceedings of Computer Graphics International (CGI) 2000, June 2000, pages 3-9.

"Joining a Real-Time Simulation: Parallel Finite-State Machines and Hierarchical Action Level Methods for Mitigating Lag Time"
Jianping Shi, Norman I. Badler, Michael B. Greenwald.
Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Computer Generated Forces, May 2000, 9 pages.

"Design of a Virtual Human Presenter"
T. Noma, L. Zhao, Norman I. Badler.
IEEE Journal of Computer Graphics and Applications, 20(4), July/August, 2000, pages 79-85.

"Dynamically Altering Agent Behaviors Using Natural Language Instructions"
Ramamani N. Bindiganavale, William Schuler, Jan M. Allbeck, Norman I. Badler, Aravind Joshi, and Martha Palmer.
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Autonomous Agents 2000 (AGENTS 2000), pages 293-300.

"Animation 2000++"
Norman I. Badler.
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 20(1), Jan.-Feb. 2000, pages 28-29.

"Noninvasive Video Motion Capture"
Dimitris Metaxas, D. Newman, Norman I. Badler.
Proceedings of the13th IAA Humans in Space Symposium, Santorini, Greece, May 20-26, 2000.

"Interpreting Movement Manner"
Liwei Zhao, Monica Costa, Norman I. Badler.
Proceedings of Computer Graphics 2000, May 2000, pages 98-103.

"Algorithms for Generating Motion Trajectories Described by Prepositions"
Yilun Xu, Norman I. Badler.
Proceedings of the Computer Animation 2000 Conference, May 2000, pages 30-35.

"A Parameterized Action Representation for Virtual Human Agents"
Norman I. Badler, Ramamani N. Bindiganavale, Jan M. Allbeck, William Schuler, Liwei Zhao, Martha Palmer.
Embodied Conversational Agents, J. Cassell, J. Sullivan, S. Prevost and E. Churchill (Eds.), MIT Press, 2000, pages 256-284.

"Representation of Actions as an Interlingua"
Karin Kipper, Martha Palmer.
Workshop on Applied Interlinguas: Practical Applications of Interlingual Approaches to NLP. 6 pages, Seattle, April 2000.

"Parameterized Action Representation and Natural Language Instructions for Dynamic Behavior Modification of Embodied Agents"
Norman I. Badler, Ramamani N. Bindiganavale, Jan M. Allbeck, William Schuler, Liwei Zhao, Seung-Joo Lee, Hogeun Shin, Martha Palmer.
AAAI Spring Symposium, 2000.

"Modifying Movement Manner Using Adverbs"
Norman I. Badler, Liwei Zhao, Monica Costa, Christian Vogler, William Schuler.
4th Int'l Workshop on Autonomous Agents: Communicative Agents in Intelligent Virtual Environments, Barcelona, June 2000.

"Interactive Semi-Qualitative Simulation"
Charles A. Erignac.
Proceedings of The Fourteenth International Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning, Morelia, Mexico, June 2000, 8 pages.

"A Finite Element Model of the Breast for Predicting Mechanical Deformations during Biopsy Procedures"
Fred S. Azar, Dimitris Metaxas, Mitchell D. Schnall.
Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Mathematical Methods in Biomedical Image Analysis, June 2000, pages 38-45.

"Methods for Predicting Mechanical Deformations in the Breast during Clinical Breast Biopsy"
Fred S. Azar, Dimitris Metaxas, Reid Miller, Mitchell D. Schnall.
Proceedings of the 26th IEEE Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference 2000, pages 63-64.
26th IEEE Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference, U. of Connecticut, 2000.

"A Framework for Motion Recognition with Applications to American Sign Language and Gait Recognition"
Christian Vogler, Harold Sun, Dimitris Metaxas.
Proceedings of the Workshop on Human Motion, December 2000, pages 33-38.

"Animation of Human Locomotion Using Sagittal Elevation Angles"
Harold Sun, Dimitris Metaxas.
Eighth Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications, pages 429-430.

"Design Concepts for Automating Maintenance Instructions, Final Report"
Norman I. Badler, Charles A. Erignac.
Technical report, CIS, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, February 2000.

 

Published in 1999

"Methods for Modeling and Predicting Mechanical Deformations of the Breast during Interventional Procedures"
Fred S. Azar, Dimitris Metaxas, Reid T. Miller, Mitchell D. Schnall.
Biomedical Engineering Society Annual Meeting, Seattle, January 1999.

"Semi-Qualitative Simulation in Virtual Environments"
Charles A. Erignac.
The Thirteenth International Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning, June 1999, 12 pages.

"A Finite Element Model of the Breast for Predicting Mechanical Deformations during Interventional Procedures"
Fred S. Azar, Dimitris Metaxas, Mitchell D. Schnall.
Seventh Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Medicine, Philadelphia, 1999.

"Animation Control for Real-Time Virtual Humans"
Norman I. Badler, M. Palmer, Ramamani Bindiganavale.
Communications of the ACM, 42(8), August 1999, pages 64-73.

"Virtual Human Animation Based on Movement Observation and Cognitive Behavior Models"
Norman I. Badler, Diane Chi, Sonu Chopra-Khullar.
Proceedings of Computer Animation, 1999, May 1999, pages 128-137.

"Dynamic Simulation for Zero-Gravity Activities"
Gang Huang, Suejung Huh, Ambarish Goswami, Dimitris Metaxas, Norman I. Badler.
International Space Human Factors Workshop, June 1999, 9 pages.

"Where to Look? Automating Visual Attending Behaviors of Virtual Human Characters"
Sonu Chopra-Khullar, Norman I. Badler.
Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, Volume 4, Issue 1-2, March 2001, pages 16-23.

"Smart Avatars in JackMOO"
Jianping Shi, Thomas J. Smith, John P. Granieri, Norman I. Badler.
IEEE Proceedings of Virtual Reality 1999, March 1999, pages 156-163.

"Cyclogram Planarity is Preserved in Upward Slope Walking"
Harold Sun, Ambarish Goswami, Dimitris Metaxas, Janice Bruckner.
Proceedings of the International Society of Biomechanics XVII Congress, Calgary, Canada, August 1999.

 

Published in 1998

"Motion Abstraction and Mapping with Spatial Constraints"
Ramamani N. Bindiganavale, Norman I. Badler.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 1537, Modelling and Motion Capture Techniques for Virtual Environments: International Workshop, CAPTECH'98, pages 70-82.

"Avatars á la Snow Crash"
Jan M. Allbeck, Norman I. Badler.
Proceedings of Computer Animation, 98, pages 19-24.

"SIGGRAPHVRML 3D Ph.D. Conetree"
Norman I. Badler, Roger Webster.
ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, 28(3), August 1998, pages 43-44.

"Gesticulation Behaviors for Virtual Humans"
Liwei Zhao, Norman I. Badler.
Sixth Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications, 1998, pages 161-168.

"Real-Time Stereo Processing, Obstacle Detection, and Terrain Estimation from Vehicle-Mounted Stereo Cameras'
Robert Mandelbaum, Luke McDowell, Luca Bogoni, Barry Reich, and Mogens Hansen.
Proceedings of the 4th IEEE Workshop on the Applications of Computer Vision, October 1998, pages 288-289.

"Gesticulation Behaviors for Virtual Humans"
Liwei Zhao, Norman I. Badler.
Sixth Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications, 1998, pages 161-168.

 

Published in 1997

"Multi-Level Shape Representation Using Global Deformations and Locally Adaptive Finite Elements"
Dimitris Metaxas, Eunyoung Koh, Norman I. Badler.
International Journal of Computer Vision, 25(1), 1997, pages 49-61.

"JackMOO: A Web-Based System for Virtual Human Simulation"
Thomas J. Smith, Jianping Shi, John P. Granieri, Norman I. Badler.
Pacific Graphics 1997.

"Real-Time Virtual Humans"
Norman I. Badler.
IEEE Workshop on Non-Rigid and Articulated Motion 1997, June 1997, pages 28-36.

"Simulated Casualties and Medics for Emergency Training"
Diane M. Chi, Evangelos Kokkevis, Omolola Ogunyemi, Rama Bindiganavale, Michael J. Hollick, John R. Clarke, Bonnie L. Webber, Norman I. Badler.
Medicine Meets Virtual Reality, IOS Press, Amsterdam, 1997, pages 486-494.

"Virtual Humans for Animation, Ergonomics, and Simulation"
Norman I. Badler.
IEEE Workshop on Non-Rigid and Articulated Motion, June 1997, pages 28-36.

"A Virtual Human Presenter"
Norman I. Badler, Tsukasa Noma.
Proceedings of IJCAI-97 Workshop on Animated Interface Agents, August 1997, pages 45-51.

"Multi-Pass Pipeline Rendering: Realism for Dynamic Environments"
Paul J. Diefenbach, Norman I. Badler.
Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics, 1997.

"Efforts in Preparation for Jack Validation"
Francisco Azuola, Norman I. Badler, Pei-Hwa Ho, Suejung Huh, Evangelos Kokkevis, Bond-Jay Ting.
ARL Technical Report ARL-CR-418, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, US Army Research Laboratory, December 1997.

"An Architecture for Behavioral Locomotion"
Barry D. Reich.
Dissertation, December 1997.

"Real Time Virtual Humans"
Norman I. Badler, Ramamani N. Bindiganavale, J. Bourne, Jan M. Allbeck, J. Shi, M. Palmer.
Proceedings of The Fifth Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications, 4-13, April 1997.

 

Published in 1996

"User-Controlled Physics-Based Animation for Articulated Figures"
Norman I. Badler, Dimitris Metaxas, Evangelos Kokkevis.
Proceedings of Computer Animation 1996, June 1996, pages 16-26.

"Linking Anatomy and Physiology in Modeling Respiratory Mechanics"
J. Kaye, Dimitris Metaxas, Norman I. Badler, J.Clarke, Bonnie L. Webber.
MMVR '96.

"Decision Networks for Integrating the Behaviors of Virtual Agents and Avatars"
Thomas Trias, Sonu Chopra-Kullar, Barry Reich, Michael Moore, Norman I. Badler, Bonnie L. Webber, Christopher Geib.
Proceedings of the IEEE 1996 Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS 96), June 1996, pages 156-162.

"Animating Human Locomotion with Inverse Dynamics"
Norman I. Badler, Hyeongseok Ko.
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 16(2), March 1996, pages 50-59.

"Generating Facial Expressions for Speech"
Catherine Pelachaud, Norman I. Badler, Mark Steedman.
Cognitive Science, 20(1), 1996, pages 1-46.

"Casualty Modeling for Real-Time Medical Training"
Diane Chi, John Clarke, Bonnie L. Webber, Norman I. Badler.
Presence 5(4), 1996, pages 359-366.

"Task-Level Object Grasping for Simulated Agents"
Brett Douville, Norman I. Badler, Libby Levinson.
Presence, 5(4), 1996, pages 416-430.

"Real-Time Inverse Kinematics of the Human Arm"
Norman I. Badler, Deepak Tolani.
Presence, 5(4), 1996, pages 393-401.

"Planning for Animation"
Norman I. Badler, Bonnie Webber, Welton Becket, Christopher Geib, Michael Moore, Catherine Pelachaud, Barry Reich,
Matthew Stone.

Interactive Computer Animation, N. M-Thalmann and D. Thalmann (Eds.), Prentice-Hall, 1996.

"Simulating Human Movements Using Optimal Control"
Xinmin Zhao, Deepak Tolani, Bond-Jay Ting, Norman I. Badler.
EUROGRAPHICS CAS '96, Seventh International Workshop on Computer Animation and Simulation, FUTUROSCOPE, Poitiers, France, 1996.

"Analysis of Left Ventricular Wall Motion Based on Volumetric Deformable Models and MRI-SPAMM"
Jinah Park, Dimitris Metaxas, Leon Axel.
Medical Image Analysis Journal, 1(1), 1996, pages 53-71.

"Deformable Models with Parameter Functions for Cardiac Motion Analysis from Tagged MRI Data"
Jinah Park, Dimitris Metaxas, Alistair Young, Leon Axel.
IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 15(3), 1996, pages 278-289.

"Implemention and Analysis of an Image-Based Global Illumination Framework for Animated Environments"
Jeffry S. Nimeroff, Julie Dorsey, Holly Rushmeier.
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 2(4), December 1996, pages 283-298.

"A Temporal Image-Based Approach to Motion Reconstruction for Globally Illuminated Animated Environments"
Jeffry S. Nimeroff.
7th Annual Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, Porto, Portugal, June 1996.

"Synthesizing Cooperative Conversation"
Catherine Pelachaud, Justine Cassell, Norman I. Badler, Mark Steedman, Scott Prevost, Matthew Stone.
International Conference on Cooperative Multimodal Communication, Theory, and Applications CMS/95, Eindhoven, Netherlands, July 1996.

 

Published in 1995

"Towards Personalities for Animated Agents with Reactive and Planning Behaviors"
Norman I. Badler, Barry D. Reich, Bonnie L. Webber.
Creating Personalities for Synthetic Actors: Towards Autonomous Personality Agents, Austrian Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Austria, December 1995.

"MediSim: Simulated Medical Corpsmen and Casualties for Medical Forces Planning and Training"
Norman I. Badler, John Clarke, Michael Hollick, Eevangelos Kokkevis, Dimitris Metaxas, Rama Bindiganavale, Bonnie L. Webber, Diane Chi, Nick Foster, Omolola Ogunyemi, Jonathan Kaye.
Proceedings of the National Forum on Military Telemedicine On-Line Today, 1995, March 1995, pages 21-28.

"Planning and Parallel Transition Networks: Animation's New Frontiers"
Norman I. Badler, Bonnie L. Webber, Welton Becket, Christopher Geib, Michael Moore, Catherine Pelachaud, Barry Reich, Matthew Stone.
Computer Graphics and Applications: Proceedings of Pacific Graphics '95, World Scientific Publishing, River Edge, NJ, 1995, pages 101-117.

"Simulating Humans in Virtual Reality"
John P. Granieri, Norman I. Badler.
Virtual Reality and its Applications, R. Earnshaw, H. Jones, and J. Vince (Eds.), Academic Press, London, UK, 1995.

"Rendering Spaces for Architectural Environments"
Jeffry Nimeroff, Eero Simoncelli, Julie Dorsey, Norman I. Badler.
Presence, 4(3), pages 286-296, 1995.

"Integrating Anatomy and Physiology for Behavior Modeling"
Douglas DeCarlo, Jonathan Kaye, Dimitris Metaxas, John R. Clarke, Bonnie L. Webber, Norman I. Badler.
Interactive Technology and the New Paradigm for Healthcare, IOS Press and Ohmsha, 1995, pages 81-87.

"An Implementation of Simulated Human Grasping for Manufacturing Tasks"
B. Douville, X. Zhao, Norman I. Badler.
SPIE Workshop on Modeling, Simulation, and Control Technologies for Manufacturing, Philadelphia, PA, September 1995.

"Simulation and Analysis of Complex Human Tasks"
Norman I. Badler, Welton Becket, Bonnie L. Webber.
SPIE Workshop on Modeling, Simulation, and Control Technologies for Manufacturing, Philadelphia, PA, September 1995.

"Autonomous Animation and Control of Four-Legged Animals"
Evangelos Kokkevis, Dimitris Metaxas, Norman I. Badler.
Graphics Interface, 1995, 8 pages.

"Production and Playback of Human Figure Motion for Visual Simulation"
John P. Granieri, Jonathan Crabtree, Norman I. Badler.
ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation, 5(3), July 1995, pages 222-241.

"A Framework for Global Illumination in Animated Environments"
Jeffry S. Nimeroff, Julie Dorsey, Holly Rushmeier.
6th Annual Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, Dublin, Ireland, June 1995.

"The Center for Human Modeling and Simulation"
Norman I. Badler, Dimitris Metaxas, Bonnie L. Webber, Mark Steedman.
Presence 4(1), pages 81-96, 1995.

"Animation through Reactions, Transition Nets and Plans"
Bonnie L. Webber, Norman I. Badler.
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Human Interface Technology, Aizu, Japan, October 1995.

"3D Human Body Model Acquisition from Multiple Views"
Ioannis Kakadiaris, Dimitris Metaxas.
Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Computer Vision, Boston, MA, June 1995.

"Real Time Inverse Kinematics with Joint Limits and Spatial Constraints"
Jianmin Zhao, Norman I. Badler.
ACM Transactions on Graphics, 1995.

"Doing What You're Told: Following Task Instructions in Changing but Hospitable Environments"
Bonnie L. Webber, Norman I. Badler, F. Breckenridge Baldwin, Welton Becket, Barbara Di Eugenio, Christopher Geib, Moon Jung, Libby Levison, Michael Moore, Michael White.
Language and Vision across the Pacific, Y. Wilks and N. Okada (Eds.), 1995.

"Planning and Terrain Reasoning"
Michael Moore, Christopher Geib, Barry Reich.
AAAI Spring Symposium on Integrated Planning Applications, Stanford University, CA, 1995.

"Planning for Reactive Behaviors in Hide and Seek"
Michael Moore, Christopher Geib, Barry Reich.
Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Representation, Orlando, FL, May 1995.

"Behavioral Control for Real-Time Interactive Simulated Human Agents"
John P. Granieri, Welton Becket, Barry Reich, Jonathan Crabtree, Norman I. Badler.
1995 Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics, Monterey, CA, April 1995.

"Interactive Design of Complex Time-Dependent Lighting"
Julie Dorsey, James Arvo, Donald Greenberg.
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, March 1995.

 

Published in 1994

"Texture Resampling While Ray-Tracing: Approximating the Convolution Region Using Caching"
Jeffry S. Nimeroff, Norman I. Badler, Dimitris Metaxas.
Submitted to Computer Graphics Forum, Eurographics, February 1994.

"Active Motion-Based Segmentation of Human Body Outlines"
Ioannis Kakadiaris, Dimitris Metaxas, Ruzena Bajcsy.
Proceedings of the Workshop on Motion of Non-Rigid and Articulated Objects, pages 50-56, Austin, TX, November 1994.

"Active Part-Decomposition, Shape and Motion Estimation of Articulated Objects: A Physics-Based Approach"
Ioannis Kakadiaris, Dimitris Metaxas, Ruzena Bajcsy.
IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pages 980-984, Seattle, WA, June 1994.

"Final Report to NSF of the Standards for Facials Animation Workshop"
Catherine Pelachaud, Norman I. Badler, M. Viaud.
Technical Report, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, October 1994.

"Automatically Generating Conversational Behaviors in Animated Agents"
Justine Cassell, Catherine Pelachaud, Norman I. Badler, Mark Steedman.
Lifelike Computer Characters, Snowbird, UT, October 1994.

"Sight and Sound: Generating Facial Expressions and Spoken Intonation from Context"
Scott Prevost, Catherine Pelachaud.
Proceedings of the second ESCA/AAAI/IEEE Workshop on Speech Synthesis, New Paltz, NY, September 1994, 5 pages.

"Deformable Models with Parameter Functions: Application to Heart Wall Modeling"
Jinah Park, Dimitris Metaxas, Alistair Young.
Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition, Seattle, WA, June 1994, pages 437-442.

"Model-based Analysis of Cardiac Motion from Tagged MRI Data"
Jinah Park, Dimitris Metaxas, Alistair Young, Leon Axel.
Proceedings of the Seventh Annual IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems, Winston-Salem, NC, June 1994, pages 40-45.

"Modeling and Animating the Human Tongue during Speech Production"
Catherine Pelechaud, C.W.A.M. van Overveld, Chin Seah.
Proceedings Computer Animation '94, Geneva, Switzerland, May 1994, pages 40-49.

"How Animated Agents Perform Tasks: Connecting Planning and Manipulation Through Object-Specific Reasoning"
Libby Levison, Norman I. Badler.
Presented at the AAAI Spring Symposium: Toward Physical Interaction and Manipulation, March 1994.

"SodaJack: An Architecture for Agents that search for and Manipulate Objects"
Christopher W. Geib, Libby Levison, Michael B. Moore.
Technical Report, MS-CIS-94-16/LINC Lab 265, Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, 1994.

"Efficient Re-rendering of Naturally Illuminated Environments"
Jeffry S. Nimeroff, Eero Simoncelli, Julie Dorsey.
5th Annual Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, Darmstadt, Germany, June 1994.

"Building Anthropometry-Based Virtual Human Models"
Francisco Azuola, Norman I. Badler, Pei-Hwa ho, Ioannis Kakadiaris, Dimitris Metaxas, Bond-Jay Ting.
Proceedings of the IMAGE VII Conference, Tucson, Arizona, June 1994.

"ANIMATED CONVERSATION: Rule-Based Generation of Facials Expression, Gesture & Spoken Intonation for Multiple Conversational Agents"
Justine Cassell, Catherine Pelechaud, Norman I. Badler, Mark Steedman, Brett Achorn, Tripp Becket, Brett Douville, Scott Prevost, Matthew Stone.
SIGGRAPH '94, Orlando FL, May 1994.

"Modeling the Interaction Between Speech and Gesture"
Justine Cassell, Matthew Stone, Brett Douville, Scott Prevost, Brett Achorn, Mark Steedman, Norman I. Badler, Catherine Pelachaud.
Proceedings of the 16th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, May 1994.

"Inverse Kinematics Positioning Using Nonlinear Programming for Highly Articulated Figures"
Jianmin Zhao, Norman I. Badler.
ACM Transactions on Graphics, 13(4), pages 313-336, October 1994.

"Interactive Body Awareness"
Xinmin Zhao, Norman I. Badler.
Computer Aided Design, 26(12), pages 861-868, December 1994.

"Terrain Reasoning for Human Locomotion"
Barry D. Reich, Hyeongseok Ko, Welton Becket, Norman I. Badler.
Proceedings of Computer Animation '94, Geneva, Switzerland, pages 76-82, 1994.

"Posture Interpolation with Collision Avoidance"
Norman I. Badler, Ramamani Bindiganavale, John P. Granieri, Susanna Wei, Xinmin Zhao.
Computer Animation '94, Geneva, Switzerland, pages 13-20, 1994.

"Pipeline Rendering: Interactive Refractions, Reflections, and Shadows"
Paul J. Diefenbach, Norman I. Badler.
Displays, 15(3), pages 173-180, 1994.

"Insertion of an Articulated Human into a Neworked Virtual Environment"
David R. Pratt, Paul T. Barham, John Locke, Michael J. Zyda, Bryant Eastman, Timothy Moore, Klaus Biggers, Robert Douglass, Stephen Jacobsen, Michael Hollick, John Granieri, Hyeongseok Ko, Norman I. Badler.
Proceedings of the 1994 AI, Simulation and Planning in High Autonomy Systems Conference; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, December 1994.

"Animated Human Agents with Motion Planning Capability for 3D-Space Postural Goals"
Moon-Ryul Jung, Norman I. Badler, Tsukasa Noma.
Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation, 5(4), 1994.

"Terrain Navigation Skills and Reasoning"
Hyeongseok Ko, Barry D. Reich, Welton Becket, Norman I. Badler.
Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Representation, Orlando, FL, May 1994, 9pages.

 

Published in 1993

"Instructions, Intentions and Expectations"
Bonnie Webber, Norman Badler, Barbara Di Eugenio, Christopher W. Geib, Libby Levison, Michael B. Moore.
Artificial Intelligence, 72, 1-2, June 1993.

"Simulating Humans: Computer Graphics, Animation, and Control"
Bonnie L. Webber, Cary B. Philips, Norman I. Badler.
Oxford University Press, June 1993.

"Real-Time Control of a Virtual Human Using Minimal Sensors"
Norman I. Badler, Michael J. Hollick, John P. Granieri.
Presence, 2(1), pages 82-86, 1993.

"Rule-Structured Facial Animation System"
Catherine Pelachaud, Marie-Luce Viaud, Hussein Yahia.
Fuzzy Logic In Artificial Intelligence: IJCAI '93 Workshop, Chambrey, France, August 1993, 6 pages.

"The Topic is Open"
Libby Levison.
Presented at the Penn Linguistics Colloquium 1993, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA< 1993.

"Simulated Humans, Graphical Behaviors, and Animated Agents"
Norman I. Badler.
Concurrent Engineering: Tools and Technologies for Mechanical System Design, NATO ASI Series, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1993, pages 929-944.

"A Gathering and Shooting Progressive Refinement Radiosity Method"
Min-Zhi Shao, Norman I. Badler.
Fourth Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, Paris, France, 1993.

"Collision-Avoidance Planning for Task-Level Human Motion Based on a Qualitative Motion Model"
Moon-Ryul Jung, Norman I. Badler, Tsukasa Noma.
Pacific Graphics Conference, 1993.

"Intermittent Non-Rhythmic Human Stepping and Locomotion"
Hyeongseok Ko, Norman I. Badler.
Pacific Graphics Conference, 1993.

"A Virtual Training Environment with Simulated Agents"
B. Achorn, Norman I. Badler.
Conference on Intelligent Computer-Aided Training and Virtual Environment Technology, 1993.

"Straight Line Walking Animation Based on Kinematic Generalization That Preserves the Original Characteristics"
Hyeongseok Ko, Norman I. Badler.
Proceedings of Graphics Interface '93, 1993.

"Virtual Interactive Collaborators for Simulation and Training"
Norman I. Badler, Bonnie L. Webber.
3rd Conference on Computer Generated Forces and Behavior Representation, Orlando, FL, March 1993.

"Integrated Behavioral Agent Architecture"
W. Becket, Norman I. Badler.
3rd Conference on Computer Generated Forces and Behavior Representation, Orlando, FL, pages 57-68, March 1993.

"Shape and Nonrigid Motion Estimation through Physics-Based Synthesis"
Dimitris Metaxas, Demetri Terzopoulos.
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (PAMI), 15(6), pages 580-591, June 1993.

"Integration of Quantitative and Qualitative Techniques for Deformable Model Fitting from Orthographic, Perspective, and Stereo Projections"
Dimitris Metaxas, Sven Dickinson.
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Computer Vision ICCV '93, pages 641-649, Berlin, Germany, January 1993.

"Fast Dynamic Point-to-Point Constraint Algorithm for Deformable Bodies"
Dimitris Metaxas.
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Discrete Element Methods, pages 455-458, MIT, Boston, MA, March 1993.

 

Published in 1992

"Motion Planning for Redundant Branching Articulated Figures with Many Degrees of Freedom"
Wallace S. Ching, Norman I. Badler.
Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, pages 1044-1052, 1992.

"Automatic Viewing Control for 3D Direct Manipulation"
Cary B. Phillips, Norman I. Badler, John P. Granieri.
1992 Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics (Computer Graphics Special Issue), pages 71-74, 1992.

"Posture Planning for Agent Animation"
Moon R. Jung, Norman I. Badler.
First AI Planning Conference, College Park, MD, May 1992.

"Fast Motion Planning for Anthropometric Figures with Many Degrees of Freedom"
Wallace S. Ching, Norman I. Badler.
Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, pages 1052-1061, May 1992.

"Correlation of Facial and Vocal Expressions for Facial Movement"
Catherine Pelachaud, Norman I. Badler, Mark Steedman.
Interface to Real and Virtual Worlds, Montpellier, France, March 1992.

"Human Strength Database and Multidimensional Data Display"
Susanna Wei, Norman I. Badler.
Visualization and Computer Animation, 3(1), pages 13-22, 1992.

 

Published in 1991

"Linguistic Issues in Facial Animation"
Catherine Pelachaud, Norman I. Badler, Mark Steedman.
Computer Animation '91, N. Magnenat-Thalmann and D. Thalmann (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, June 1991, pages 15-30.

"Graphical Behaviors and Animated Agents"
Norman I. Badler.
Proceedings of the US-Japan Workshop on Integrated Systems in Perceptually Grounded Environments, Las Cruces, NM, December 1991.

"Instructing Animated Agents"
Bonnie L. Webber, Norman I. Badler, B. DiEugenio, L. Levison, M. White.
Proceedings of the US-Japan Workshop on Integrated Systems in Perceptually Grounded Environments, Las Cruces, NM, December 1991.

"Interactive Behaviors for Bipedal Articulated Figures"
Cary B. Phillips, Norman I. Badler.
Computer Graphics, 25(4), July 1991, pages 359-362.

"Human Modeling in Visualization"
Norman I. Badler.
New Trends in Animation and Visualization, N. Magnenat-Thalmann and D. Thalmann (Eds.), Wiley, 1991, pages 209-228.

"Simulating Human Tasks Using Simple Natural Language Instructions"
Moon Jung, Jugal Kalita, Norman I. Badler, Wallace Ching.
Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference, December 1991, pages 1049-1057.

"Interpreting Prepositions Physically"
Jugal Kalita, Norman I. Badler.
AAAI-91, Anaheim, CA, July 1991.

"A Kinematic Model of the Human Spine and Torso"
Gary Monheit, Norman I. Badler.
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 11(2), March 1991, pages 29-38.

"Issues in Facial Animation"
Catherine Pelachaud, Norman I. Badler, Mark Steedman.
Computer Animation '91, Geneva, Switzerland, June 1991.

"Converting BRL-CAD Objects to Surface Representation and Adding Articulation and Jack Ergonomic Analysis"
O. Niazi, Norman I. Badler.
BRL-CAD Symposium '91, May 1991.

"Task Communication Through Natural Language and Graphics"
Norman I. Badler, Bonnie L. Webber.
AI Magazine, 11(5), pages 71-73, 1991.

"An Architecture for High-Level Human Tasks Animation Control"
Jeffery Esakov, Norman I. Badler.
Knowledge Based Simulation: Methodology and Application, P. A. Fishwick and R. B. Modjeski (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, 1991.

 

Published in 1990

"Strength Guided Motion"
Philip Lee, Susanna Wei, Jianmin Zhao, Norman I. Badler.
Computer Graphics, 24(4), pages 253-262, 1990.

"Interactive Real-Time Articulated Figure Manipulation Using Multiple Kinematic Constraints"
Cary B. Phillips, Jianmin Zhao, Norman I. Badler.
Computer Graphics, 24(4), pages 245-250, 1990.

"Imperfection for Realistic Image Synthesis"
Welton Becket, Norman I. Badler.
Joural of Visualization and Computer Animation, 1(1), pages 26-32, 1990.

"Task Training Through Narrated Animation"
Norman I. Badler, Mark Steedman, Bonnie L. Webber.
AAAI Workshop on Simulated Reality, 1990.

"Animation From Instructions"
Norman I. Badler, Bonnie L. Webber, Jugal Kalita, Jeffery Esakov.
Making Them Move: Mechanics, Control, and Animation of Articulated Figures, Morgan-Kaufmann, 1990, pages 51-93.

"Semantic Analysis of Action Verbs Based on Physical Primitives"
Jugal Kalita, Norman I. Badler.
Cognitive Science Society 12th Annual Conference, 1990.

"On the Complexity of Computing Reachable Workspaces for Redundant Manipulators"
Tarek Alameldin, Norman I. Badler, M. Palis, S. Rajasekaran.
SPIE International Symposia on Applications in Optical Science and Engineering: OE/Boston '90 Symposium on Advances in Intelligent Systems; Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision IX: Algorithms and Complexity, 1990.

"An Adaptive and Efficient System for Computing the 3-D Reachable Workspace"
Tarek Alameldin, Norman I. Badler, Tarek Sobh.
IEEE International Conference on Systems Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA, August 1990, pages 503-506.

"Narrated Animation: A Case for Generation"
Bonnie L. Webber, Mark Steedman, Norman I. Badler.
ACL Workshop on Natural Language Generation, Dawson, PA, June 1990.

 

Published in 1989

"Anthropometry for Computer Graphics Human Figures"
Marc Grosso, Richard Quach, Ernest Otani, Jianmin Zhao, Susanna Wei, Pei-Hwa Ho, Jiahe Lu, Norman I. Badler.
Technical Report MS-CIS-89-71, Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, 1989.

"The Jack Interactive Human Model"
Philip Lee, Cary Phillips, Ernest Otani, Norman I. Badler.
Concurrent Engineering of Mechanical Systems, Vol. 1, First Annual Symposium on Mechanical Design in a Concurrent Engineering Environment, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, October 1989, pages 179-198.

"Task-Oriented Computer Animation of Human Figures"
Norman I. Badler.
Applications of Human Performance Models to System Design, G. R. McMillan, D. Beevis, E. Salas, M. H. Strub, R. Sutton, and L. van Breda (Eds.), Defense Research Series, Volume 2, Plenum Press, New York, 1989.

"Artificial Intelligence, Natural Language, and Simulation for Human Animation"
Norman I. Badler.
State-of-the Art in Computer Animation, N. Magnenat-Thalmann and D. Thalmann (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, 1989, pages 19-31.

"An Investigation of Language Input and Performance Timing for Task Animation"
Jeffery Esakov, Norman I. Badler, Moon Jung.
Graphics Interface '89, June 1989, pages 86-93.

"Creating Computer Animated Human Figure Models Anthropometrically"
M. Grosso, R. Quach, Norman I. Badler.
Graduate Conference on Computer Science, SUNY Buffalo, NY, March 1989.

"Task-Driven Human Figure Animation"
M. Grosso, R. Quach, Norman I. Badler.
Graduate Conference on Computer Science, SUNY Buffalo, NY, March 1989.

"Human Task Animation from Performance Models and Natural Language Input"
Jeffery Esakov, Norman I. Badler, Moon Jung.
Graphics Technology in Space Applications, NASA JSC Conference Publication 3045, April 1989.

"Local Matching of Surfaces Using Boundary-Centered Raidal Decomposition"
Gerald M. Radack, Norman I. Badler.
Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing, 45(3), 1989, pages 380-396.

"A Representation for Natural Human Movement"
Norman I. Badler.
Dance Technology I, J. Gray (Ed.), AAHPERD Publications, Reston, VA, 1989.

 

Published in 1988

"The Implementation of a Design Knowledge Capturing System"
P. Pu, Norman I. Badler.
Second IFIP Working Group 5.2 Workshop on Intelligent CAD, Cambridge, England, September 1988.

"Jack: A Toolkit for Manipulating Articulated Figures"
Cary B. Phillips, Norman I. Badler.
ACM/SIGGRAPH Symposium on User Interface Software, Banff, Canada, October 1988.

 

Published in 1976

"The Conceptual Descriptions of Physical Activities"
Norman I. Badler.
American Journal of Computational Linguistics, Microfiche 35, 1976, pp. 70-83.

"A Concept Model for the Description of Image Sequences"
Norman I. Badler.
Proc. Milwaukee Symposium on Automatic Computation and Control, Milwaukee, WI, March 1976, pp. 377-381.

 

Published in 1975

"Temporal Scene Analysis: Conceptual Descriptions of Object Movements"
Norman I. Badler.
Ph.D. Dissertation, Computer Science, University of Toronto, 1975.