THE STONE AXE IN PRE-COLUMBIAN AMAZONIA

Figure 1: DeBoer’s labeled diagram from the letter A to N, showing the diversity in size and shape of stone axe blades.

Figure 2: Photograph from the Penn Museum Object Database depicting a pre-Columbian Amazonian stone axe from the Rio Curanja region of Peru.

Figure 3: DeBoer’s rectangular and rounded tip “Type G” stone axe blade.

Figure 4: Rotated and propped stone axe in Maya software.

Figure 5: Blade of the stone axe set on Maya software plane.

Figure 6: Construction of polygon shape for the stone axe handle.

Figure 7: Polygon with 10 faces being used as a base for the handle.

Figure 8: Edge loops function used in Maya software and placed onto the polygon to prepare for extruding features to 30 centimeters in length.

Figure 9: The fully extruded handle created with vertices along the middle slightly to the right and to the left of the polygon.

Figure 10: Second polygon created specifically with an opening to easily mold onto the handle. Polygon serves as the binding and blade features, differentiated with texturing.

Figure 11: Second Polygon shifted to appropriate position using Maya features.

Figure 12: Second polygon of binding and blade placed over handle.

Figure 13: Second polygon extruded and edge loops added to mirror the reference image of the rectangular shaped blade. Left-most side completely dedicated to rope binding texture.

Figure 14: Inserted edge loops and manipulated polygon to mirror rectangular base and rounded surface of stone.

Figure 15: More Edge loops made specifically for binding on rear of polygon.

Figure 16: Shape analyzed through the four Maya cameras and adjusted.

Figure 17: Texturing polygon window in Maya. Binding and stone textures added to the second polygon and wood to the first

Figure 18: DeBoer image with a rectangular shape and rounded tip with model in front. Model thicker in the rear end due to rope binding to hold the blade and handle together

Figure 19: Rope, wooden, and stone textures applied to the polygons- close-up on edge loops.

Figure 20: Maya software scaling, rotation UV, and texture adjustment features.

Figure 21: Stone blade attached by rope binding onto a wooden handle.

Figure 22: Normal mapping application in Maya used to make the rope binding texture bumpier, standing out more clearly while draping over the stone and handle.

Figure 23: Dan Brinkmeier’s image of scaffold and axe men