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Analysis of some data from F16 corpus

Representative examples of 25 ``put'' verbs from F-16 maintenance instruction corpus, with analysis of each example:

1. bind

" conical rubber seals shall be free of nicks , cuts , and tears and
poppets shall move freely without **binding** or hanging . "

Form: "without" gerund
Subject: poppets (zero)

" if minimum lateral movement requirement is not maintained , doors
may **bind** when operated . "

Form: "may"
Subject: doors

" depress relief valve poppet to verify it will not **bind** when
operating . "

Form: "will", neg, S-comp
Subject: poppet (pronoun)

2. cap

" insure remaining elbow ( _44f3 forward elbow or _44f4 aft elbow ) is
turned outboard and **capped** . "

Form: passive, S-comp
Passive Subject: elbow

3. cover, uncover

" remove housing **covering** fuel bypass valve . "

Form: gerund NP adjunct
NP Adjunct Subject: housing
Object: valve

" slide coupling nut back to **uncover** packing and sealing ring . "

Form: "to"-S
Subject: agent (zero)
Object: ring

4. face

" actuator indicator will **face** aft when properly installed on
engine fuel shutoff valve . "

Form: "will"
Subject: indicator
AdvP: aft

5. fill

" allow sufficient time for cavity to **fill** prior to inspecting
disturbed connections . "

Form: "for"-S
Subject: cavity

" if reservoir quantity is low , reservoir shall be **filled** as
required to provide sufficient fluid for system pressurization . "

Form: "shall" passive
Passive Subject: reservoir

" if reservoir quantity is low , **fill** as required to provide
sufficient fluid for system pressurization . "

Form: imperative
Object: reservoir (zero)

" cool oil will bypass fuel oil heat exchanger ; therefore , engine
must dry-motor a minimum of 2 minutes to allow oil to heat and **fill**
heat exchanger cavity . "

Form: "to"-S
Subject: oil (zero)
Object: cavity

" remove bolt from aft support and fit four washers on each side of
aerial refuel receptacle mounting lug to **fill** gap between sides of
aerial refuel receptacle mounting lug and aft support . "

Form: "to"-S
Subject: washers, agent?
Object: gap

6. fuel, defuel, refuel

" to minimize hazard of static electrical discharge , aircraft shall
not be **fueled** when an electrical storm is within a 3-mile radius of
servicing area . "

Form: "shall" passive, neg
Passive Subject: aircraft

" all support equipment not required for **refueling** shall be moved a
minimum of 50 feet from aircraft . "

Form: "for" gerund

" ( 1,2,3,4 ) aircraft **defueled** ( jg12-10-02 ) "

Form: passive NP adjunct
Passive Subject: aircraft

" ( 1,2 ) a1 tank **defueled** ( jg12-10-02 ) "

Form: passive NP adjunct
Passive Subject: tank

" ( 3 ) aircraft **fueled** to approximately 2500 pounds ( jg12-10-01 ) "

Form: passive NP adjunct
Passive Subject: aircraft
PP ("to"): 2500 pounds

" ( 3 ) aircraft **fueled** to between 200 and 350 pounds in forward
and in aft tanks ( jg12-10-01 ) "

Form: passive NP adjunct
Passive Subject: aircraft
PP ("to"): 200 pounds in tanks

" ( a , d ) **refuel** aircraft until fwd fuel low and aft fuel low
caution lights go out . "

Form: imperative
Object: aircraft

7. impregnate

" if fuel spillage occurs on surface of aircraft , area shall be
checked to determine if fuel has **impregnated** insulating blankets
or duct insulation . "

Form: Perfect, "if"-S
Subject: fuel
Object: blankets, insulation

8. install

" technician a removes and installs valve ( access cover 5403 or 6404 ) . "

Form: bare present
Subject: technician
Object: valve

" apply sealing compound and loosely **install** three screws , three
washers , and three nuts in side of doorstop ( two places ) . "

Form: imperative
Object: screws, washers, nuts
PP ("in"): side of doorstop
AdvP: loosely

" flat washer shall be **installed** under head of bolt followed by
sealing washer . "

Form: "shall" passive
Passive Subject: washer
PP ("under"): head of bolt

" one flat washer shall be **installed** between bolthead and sealing
washer "

Form: "shall" passive
Passive Subject: washer
PP ("between"): bolthead and washer

" one flat washer shall be **installed** beneath nut on all four bolts . "

Form: "shall" passive
Passive Subject: washer
PP ("beneath"): nut

" screw shall be **installed** in lower outboard corner of pump and
support . "

Form: "shall" passive
Passive Subject: screw
PP ("in"): corner of pump and support

" thick flange shall be **installed** toward trailing edge of o-ring
groove . "

Form: "shall" passive
Passive Subject: flange
PP ("toward"): edge of o-ring groove

" bolts shall be **installed** from aft side of bulkhead . "

Form: "shall" passive
Passive Subject: bolts
PP ("from"): side of bulkhead

" either of two valves may be **installed** , part number 68c-1ms or
8101001-1 . "

Form: "may" passive
Passive Subject: bolts

" steps 20 through 22 may be omitted if tube and engine feed line
copuling can be easily **installed** . "

Form: "can" passive
Passive Subject: tube, coupling

" when **installing** valve , spanner wrench adapter shall not be
positioned in helicoil inserts "

Form: "when" gerund
Object: valve

" if installing check valve , omit step 4 . "

Form: "if" gerund
Object: valve

" if only regulator is to be **installed** ,  omit steps 3 through 7 . "

Form: "is to" passive
Passive Subject: regulator

" if right wing strainer and/or valve is being **installed** , omit steps
18.1 and 18.2 . "

Form: progressive passive
Passive Subject: strainer, valve

" verify lamp being **installed** is free of contamination . "

Form: gerund passive NP adjunct
Passive Subject: lamp

" pylon fuel air disconnect valve is **installed** against approximately
32 pounds spring pressure . "

Form: passive
Passive Subject: valve
PP ("against"): pressure

" lubricate and **install** seal ( da4536-32 ) , washer , and bolt 
( nas6204-4 ) in lower inboard corner of upper inlet tube . "

Form: imperative
Object: seal, washer, bolt
PP ("in"): corner of tube

" lubricate and **install** packing ( m25988-1-008 ) on indicator assembly . "

Form: imperative
Object: packing
PP ("on"): assembly

" position nipple in bracket and loosely **install** nut . "

Form: imperative
Object: nut
AdvP: loosely

" _44f1 to **install** actuator , it will be necessary to engage splines
with actuator rotated 90 degrees clockwise from its normal mounting
position and then lower and rotate actuator counterclockwise to
mounting position . "

Form: "to"-S
Object: actuator

" plug is **installed** by pushing in and turning clockwise one-third turn . "

Form: passive
Passive Subject: plug

" position tube support and pressurization tube clamps and **install**
bolt securing vent tube to pressurization tube . "

Form: imperative
Object: bolt

" coupling remover shall be **installed** in open position ( lever all the
way forward ) . "

Form: "shall" passive
Passive Subject: coupling remover
PP ("in"): open position

" **install** two nuts . "

Form: imperative
Object: nuts

" lubricate four packings ( m25988-1-214 ) and **install** on JFS bypass
fuel tube connections . "

Form: imperative
Object: packings (zero)
PP ("on"): connections

" lubricate packing ( m25988-1-904 ) and **install** on union . "

Form: imperative
Object: packing (zero)
PP ("on"): union

" ( 2 ) **install** aerial refuel slipway door ( jg28-21-04 ) . "

Form: imperative
Object: door

" ( 2 ) **install** aircraft centerline tank selective refueling fuel
shutoff valve ( jg28-24-09 ) . "

Form: imperative
Object: valve

" ( 2 ) **install** access cover 5313 or 6314 using three screws . "

Form: imperative
Object: access cover

" **install** bolt with head on right side , two washers , and nut . "

Form: imperative
Object: bolt, washers, nut
PP ("with"): head on right side

" **install** shoulder bolt , two washers , and nut . "

Form: imperative
Object: bolt, washers nut

" align pressurization tube , position two sleeves , and **install** two
couplings . "

Form: imperative
Object: couplings

" **install** access panel 3310 using two bolts , two washers , and two
nuts . "

Form: imperative
Object: access panel

" **install** 18 bolts flush with surface of protective-frame . "

Form: imperative
Object: bolts
AdvP: flush with surface

" **install** cotter pin . "

Form: imperative
Object: pin

" **install** safety wire . "

Form: imperative
Object: wire

" **install** switch . "

Form: imperative
Object: switch

" **install** tee . "

Form: imperative
Object: tee

" ( 2,3 ) **install** forward right main glareshield or aft right main
glareshield ( jg53-00-22 ) . "

Form: imperative
Object: glareshield

" 4 . _44f5 ( a ) **install** three screws and bolt . "

Form: imperative
Object: screws, bolt

" **install** heat exchanger to tee fuel tube . "

Form: imperative
Object: heat exchanger
PP ("to"): tube

" **install** protective device on standpipe . "

Form: imperative
Object: device
PP ("on"): standpipe

" **install** retainer ring . "

Form: imperative
Object: ring

" **install** adg valve . "

Form: imperative
Object: valve

" **install** new lamp in lens . "

Form: imperative
Object: lamp
PP ("in"): lens

" **install** union in shutoff valve . "

Form: imperative
Object: union
PP ("in"): valve

" **install** cartridge in housing . "

Form: imperative
Object: cartridge
PP ("in"): housing

" **install** clamp on check valve . "

Form: imperative
Object: clamp
PP ("on"): valve

" **install** elbow on pump . "

Form: imperative
Object: elbow
PP ("on"): pump

" lubricate and **install** packing ( m25988-1-008 ) on indicator
assembly . "

Form: imperative
Object: packing
PP ("on"): assembly

" **install** check valve with flow direction arrow pointing forward . "

Form: imperative
Object: valve
PP ("with"): arrow pointing forward

9. lift

" pin is reset by **lifting** reset lever and pushing indicator pin
into housing . "

Form: "by" gerund
Object: lever

" to manually open slipway door assembly , **lift** at hinge between
forward and aft doors and fold aft door under forward door ; "

Form: imperative
Object: door assembly (zero)
PP ("at"): hinge

" raise slipway door assembly by **lifting** at hinge between forward
and aft doors , fold aft door under forward door , "

Form: "by" gerund
Object: door assembly (zero)
PP ("at"): hinge

" **lift** panel and disconnect electrical connector . "

Form: imperative
Object: panel

10. line

" missing tooth on actuator shaft will **line** up with actuator
indicator in a properly assembled actuator . "

Form: "will"
Particle: up
Subject: tooth
PP ("with"): indicator

11. place

" all support equipment required for refueling and fuel system
maintenance shall be **placed** at maximum distance from aircraft that
hoses and-or cables allow . "

Form: "shall" passive
Passive Subject: equipment
PP ("at"): maximum distance

" remaining washers ( if any ) shall be **placed** under nut . "

Form: "shall" passive
Passive Subject: washers
PP ("under"): nut

" lubricate grommet and **place** on test set vacuum adapter . "

Form: imperative
Object: grommet (zero)
PP ("on"): adapter

" if electrical operation failed to close valve , **place** valve
actuator indicator in full closed ( inboard ) position . "

Form: imperative
Object: indicator
PP ("in"): closed position

12. position

" failure to **position** aft bracket properly on shoulder bolt may
inhibit movement of fuel manifolds connected to engine and overstress
manifold seal resulting in fuel leaks . "

Form: "to"-S
Subject: pro-arb?
Object: bracket
AdvP: properly
PP ("on"): shoulder bolt

" bracket shall be **positioned** so that slot in bracket aligns with
alignment tab on tube . "

Form: "shall" passive
Passive Subject: bracket

" packing shall be **positioned** to side of o-ring groove which enters
aerial refuel receptacle bore first so that slipper seal angles down
toward inserting end of sleeve assembly . "

Form: "shall" passive
Passive Subject: packing
PP ("to side of"): groove

" when installing valve , spanner wrench adapter shall not be
**positioned** in helicoil inserts or damage to inserts will result . "

Form: "shall" passive, neg
Passive Subject: wrench adapter
PP ("in"): helicoil inserts

" pump shall be **positioned** as high on support as possible and
support position maintained until bolts and screw have been torqued . "

Form: "shall" passive
Passive Subject: pump
PP ("on"): support (as high as possible)

" retainer ring shall be **positioned** with small flange on inner
surface mounted upward . "

Form: "shall" passive
Passive Subject: ring
PP ("with"): flange, mounted upward

" when power switch is **positioned** to on , only ready light should
come on . "

Form: passive, "when"-S
Passive Subject: switch
PP ("to"): on

" ( b ) engine fuel shutoff valve actuator indicator moves smoothly
and without slowing or oscillating to full open ( outboard ) position
within 4 seconds after master switch is **positioned** . "

Form: passive, "after"-S
Passive Subject: switch

" ( a , b ) adjust two jamnuts as required to **position** switch so
plunger touches slipway door assembly . "

Form: "to"-S
Subject: agent
Object: switch

" 2 . _66fd carefully slide matrix assembly forward to disengage two
bushings ; then **position** matrix assembly to permit access to
amplifier . "

Form: imperative
Object: matrix assembly

" **position** master switch guard down to guarded position . "

Form: imperative
Object: switch guard
AdvP: down
PP ("to"): guarded position

13. pump

" **pump** handle on vacuum pump to apply 5 psig vacuum as indicated
on test set gage . "

Form: imperative
Object: handle

14. push

" to manually open slipway door assembly , lift at hinge between
forward and aft doors and fold aft door under forward door ; then
**push** slipway door assembly down to full open position . "

Form: imperative
Object: door assembly
AdvP: down
PP ("to"): open position

" pin is reset by lifting reset lever and **pushing** indicator pin
into housing . "

Form: "by" gerund
Object: pin
PP ("into"): housing

" plug is removed by **pushing** in and turning counterclockwise
one-third turn . "

Form: "by" gerund
Particle: in
Object: plug (zero)

" do not **push** inboard on engine side of serrated locknut as
coupling nut is turned or an overtight condition may occur , causing
difficulty disconnecting quick-disconnect . "

Form: imperative, neg
AdvP: inboard
PP ("on"): engine side of locknut

" **push** down on forward door near hinge until slipway door assembly
is fully closed . "

Form: imperative
AdvP: down
PP ("on"): door

" if protrusion exceeds 0.75 inch max , **push** drive wire back into
coupling nut until an approximate 0.25-inch nominal protrusion exists . "

Form: imperative
Object: wire
AdvP: back
PP ("into"): nut

" **push** poppet in fuel disconnect valve upward and drain residual
fuel . "

Form: imperative
Object: poppet
AdvP: upward

" using drain tool , **push** in on poppet and release to verify
operation . "

Form: imperative
Particle: in
PP ("on"): poppet

" using drain tool , **push** poppet in and rotate approximately
one-half turn counterclockwise until marks align . "

Form: imperative
Particle: in
Object: poppet

15. raise

" **raise** slipway door assembly by lifting at hinge between forward
and aft door . "

Form: imperative
Object: door assembly

" **raise** slipway door assembly higher by moving up and aft . "

Form: imperative
Object: door assembly
AdvP: higher

16. rest

" to avoid damaging aircraft , insure hydraulic hoses are on proper
connections and wire bundle splice does not **rest** on bulkhead
segment under air refuel receptacle . "

Form: S-comp, neg
Subject: splice
PP ("on"): bulkhead segment

" if aft end of forward door **rests** above contour of access panel
3437 by more than 0.15 inch , lengthen actuator by turning rod end
counterclockwise . "

Form: "if"-S
Subject: end of door
PP ("above . . . by more than"): contour

17. saturate

" clean 21 bolts and 6 screws using clean cheesecloth **saturated**
with solvent compound . "

Form: passive NP adjunct
Passive Subject: cheesecloth
PP ("with"): solvent compound

18. smear

" avoid **smearing** compound grease on painted surface ; it is
difficult to remove and can n't be painted . "

Form: "avoid" gerund
Subject: agent (zero)
Object: grease
PP ("on"): surface

19. spill

" to avoid fire and explosive hazards , **spilled** fuel shall be
cleaned up immediately . "

Form: passive NP adjunct
Passive Subject: fuel

20. spray

" **spray** a small amount of lubricant ( mil-c-87177a ) into actuator
connector and electrical connector ( 2822p1 ) . "

Form: imperative
Object: lubricant
PP ("into"): connector

21. stick

" piston of valve shall be free of any contaminants or foreign
substance which could cause piston to **stick** open , creating a fuel
venting problem or causing damage to valve . "

Form: "to"-S
Subject: piston (zero)
AdvP: open

22. tag

" hydraulic hoses shall be **tagged** for identification . "

Form: "shall" passive
Passive Subject: hoses

" cut five wires , staggering cuts , and **tag** . "

Form: imperative
Object: wires (zero)

23. trap

" fuel may be **trapped** in fuel pump or engine feed line assembly ; "

Form: "may" passive
Passive Subject: fuel
PP ("in"): pump, feed line assembly

24. wash

" if fuel splashes into eyes , **wash** eyes immediately ; then seek
medical services . "

Form: imperative
Object: eyes

25. wipe

" after aerial refuel receptacle has been **wiped** dry , fuel leakage
at poppet or receptacle weep hole shall not exceed one drop in 5
minutes . "

Form: passive, perfect
Passive Subject: receptacle
AdvP: dry

" **wipe** connector clean of leak detection compound using
cheesecloth . "

Form: imperative
Object: connector
AdvP: clean (of . . .)

" **wipe** 21 bolts and 6 screws dry using clean cheesecloth . "

Form: imperative
Object: bolts, screws
AdvP: dry

" using cheesecloth , **wipe** any residual fuel from transfer tube
area . "

Form: imperative
Object: fuel
PP ("from"): tube area

" **wipe** off any excess sealing compound from strainer mounting
flange using clean cheesecloth . "

Form: imperative
Particle: off
Object: sealing compound
PP ("from"): flange



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